The 25 Richest People Who Ever Lived....Nizam in the list....
This list is biased toward Americans and Englishmen. I'm sure there are many others who deserve to be in the top 25. There are other problems; for example, property values in the middle ages are probably inflated. Nevertheless, it's an interesting list of men (no women). They are ranked by their estimated net worth in 2012 inflation-adjusted American dollars. You can find out more details at: The 25 Richest People Who Ever Lived – Inflation Adjusted.
There don't appear to be any scientists (or philosophers) on the list. Three of my ancestors are on the list (#6, #15, and #16) but I didn't inherit a penny.
Mansa Musa I of Mali (1280-1337): $400 billion
The Rothschild family: $350 billion
John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937): $340 billion
Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919): $310 billion
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868-1918): $300 billion
Mir Osman Ali Khan (1886-1967): $230 billion
William The Conqueror (1028-1087): $229.5 billion
Muammar Gaddafi (1942-2011): $200 billion
Henry Ford (1863-1947): $199 billion
Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877): $185 billion
Alan Rufus (1040-1093): $178.65 billion
Bill Gates (1955 - ): $136 billion
William de Warenne ( -1088) $147.13 billion
John Jacob Astor (176-1848): $121 billion
Richard FitzAlan (1306-1376): $118.6 billion
John of Gaunt (1340-1399): $110 billion
Stephen Girard (1750-1831): $105 billion
Alexander Turney ("A.T.") Stewart (1803-1876): $90 billion
Henry of Grosmont (Duke of Lancaster) (1310-1361): $85.5 billion
Friedrich Weyerhauser (1834-1914): $80 billion
Jay Gould (1836-1892): $71 billion
Carlos Slim Helu (1940- ): $68 billion
Stephen Van Rensselaer (1764-1839): $68 billion
Marshall Field (1834-1906): $66 billion
Samuel ("Sam") Moore Walton (1918-1992): $65 billion
Warren Buffett (1930 - ): $64 billion